Facts about Pakistan

Pakistan (Urdu: پاکِستان‬‎), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu: اِسلامی جمہوریہ پاکِستان‬‎), is a country in South Asia. It is the fifth-most populous country with a population exceeding 212,742,631 people. In area, it is the 33rd-largest country, spanning 881,913 square kilometres (340,509 square miles). Pakistan has a 1,046-kilometre (650-mile) coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest, and China in the far northeast. It is separated narrowly from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor in the northwest, and also shares a maritime border with Oman.

The territory that now constitutes Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures, including the Mehrgarh of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including Hindus, Indo-Greeks, Muslims, Turco-Mongols, Afghans, and Sikhs. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Persian Achaemenid Empire, Alexander III of Macedon, the Indian Mauryan Empire, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate, the Gupta Empire, the Delhi Sultanate, the Mongol Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Afghan Durrani Empire, the Sikh Empire (partially), and, most recently, the British Empire.

Pakistan is the only country to have been created in the name of Islam. As a result of the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the Indian subcontinent's struggle for independence, Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent homeland for Indian Muslims. It is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country, with a similarly diverse geography and wildlife. Initially a dominion, Pakistan adopted a constitution in 1956, becoming an Islamic republic. An ethnic civil war in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh. In 1973 Pakistan adopted a new constitution establishing, alongside its pre-existing parliamentary republic status, a federal government based in Islamabad consisting of four provinces and three federal territories. The new constitution also stipulated that all laws are to conform to the injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Quran and Sunnah.

A regional and middle power, Pakistan has the sixth-largest standing armed forces in the world and is also a nuclear power as well as a declared nuclear-weapons state, the second in South Asia and the only nation in the Muslim world to have that status.

Pakistan has a semi-industrialised economy with a well-integrated agriculture sector and a growing services sector. The Pakistani economy is the 24th-largest in the world in terms of purchasing power and the 41st-largest in terms of nominal GDP (World Bank). It is ranked among the emerging and growth-leading economies of the world, and is backed by one of the world's largest and fastest-growing middle class.

Pakistan's political history since independence has been characterized by periods of military rule, political instability and conflicts with India. The country continues to face challenging problems, including overpopulation, terrorism, poverty, illiteracy, and corruption. Pakistan is a member of the United Nations, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Economic Cooperation Organisation, the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, the Developing Eight, and the G20 developing nations, Group of 24, Group of 77, and ECOSOC. It is also an associate member of CERN. Pakistan is a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol, the Paris Agreement, and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.

Background

The Indus Valley civilization, one of the oldest in the world and dating back at least 5,000 years, spread over much of what is presently Pakistan. During the second millennium B.C., remnants of this culture fused with the migrating Indo-Aryan peoples. The area underwent successive invasions in subsequent centuries from the Persians, Greeks, Scythians, Arabs (who brought Islam), Afghans, and Turks. The Mughal Empire flourished in the 16th and 17th centuries; the British came to dominate the region in the 18th century. The separation in 1947 of British India into the Muslim state of Pakistan (with West and East sections) and largely Hindu India was never satisfactorily resolved, and India and Pakistan fought two wars and a limited conflict - in 1947-48, 1965, and 1999 respectively - over the disputed Kashmir territory. A third war between these countries in 1971 - in which India assisted an indigenous movement reacting to the marginalization of Bengalis in Pakistani politics - resulted in East Pakistan becoming the separate nation of Bangladesh.

In response to Indian nuclear weapons testing, Pakistan conducted its own tests in mid-1998. India-Pakistan relations improved in the mid-2000s but have been rocky since the November 2008 Mumbai attacks and have been further strained by attacks in India by militants suspected of being based in Pakistan. Nawaz SHARIF took office as prime minister in 2013, marking the first time in Pakistani history that a democratically elected government completed a full term and transitioned to a successive democratically elected government. In July 2017, the Supreme Court disqualified SHARIF from public office, and Shahid Khaqan ABBASI replaced him as prime minister in August 2017. Retired Justice General Nasir UL-MULK took over as caretaker prime minister in June 2018, to serve until a new government is formed following general elections, scheduled for 25 July. Pakistan has been engaged in a decades-long armed conflict with militant groups that target government institutions and civilians, including the Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and other militant networks.

Location

Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India on the east and Iran and Afghanistan on the west and China in the north

• Geographic coordinates: 30 00 N, 70 00 E
• Map references: Asia
• Area: (total: 796,095 sq km - land: 770,875 sq km - water: 25,220 sq km - country comparison to the world: 37 - Area - comparative: slightly more than five times the size of Georgia; slightly less than twice the size of California)
• Land boundaries: (total: 7,257 km - border countries (4): Afghanistan 2,670 km, China 438 km, India 3,190 km, Iran 959 km - Coastline: 1,046 km)
• Maritime claims: (territorial sea: 12 nm - contiguous zone: 24 nm - exclusive economic zone: 200 nm - continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin)
• Climate:
• Terrain: divided into three major geographic areas: the northern highlands, the Indus River plain in the center and east, and the Balochistan Plateau in the south and west
• Elevation: (mean elevation: 900 m - elevation extremes: lowest point: Arabian Sea 0 m - highest point: K2 (Mt. Godwin-Austen) 8,611 m)
• Natural resources: (arable land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone)
• Land use: (agricultural land: 35.2% (arable land 27.6%; permanent crops 1.1%; permanent pasture 6.5%) - forest: 2.1% - other: 62.7% (2011 est.))
• Irrigated land: 202,000 sq km (2012)
• Population - distribution: the Indus River and its tributaries attract most of the settlement, with Punjab province the most densely populated
• Natural hazards: frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and west; flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August)
• Environment - current issues: (party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands - signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation)
• Geography - note: controls Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass, traditional invasion routes between Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent

People and Society

• Population: (204,924,861 (July 2017 est.) (note: provisional results of Pakistan's 2017 national census estimate the country's total population to be 207,774,000) - country comparison to the world: 6)
• Nationality: (noun: Pakistani(s) - adjective: Pakistani)
• Area: (total: 796,095 sq km - land: 770,875 sq km - water: 25,220 sq km - country comparison to the world: 37 - Area - comparative: slightly more than five times the size of Georgia; slightly less than twice the size of California)
• Ethnic groups: Punjabi 44.7%, Pashtun (Pathan) 15.4%, Sindhi 14.1%, Sariaki 8.4%, Muhajirs 7.6%, Balochi 3.6%, other 6.3%
• Languages: Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Saraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashto (alternate name, Pashtu) 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official; lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Burushaski, and other 8%
• Religions:Muslim (official) 96.4% (Sunni 85-90%, Shia 10-15%), other (includes Christian and Hindu) 3.6% (2010 est.)
• Age structure: (0-14 years: 31.36% (male 33,005,623/female 31,265,463) - 15-24 years: 21.14% (male 22,337,897/female 20,980,455) - 25-54 years: 37.45% (male 39,846,417/female 36,907,683) - 55-64 years: 5.57% (male 5,739,817/female 5,669,495) - 65 years and over: 4.48% (male 4,261,917/female 4,910,094) (2017 est.))
• population pyramid:
• Dependency ratios: (total dependency ratio: 65.3 - youth dependency ratio: 57.9 - elderly dependency ratio: 7.4 - potential support ratio: 13.5 (2015 est.))
• Median age: (total: 23.8 years - male: 23.7 years - female: 23.8 years (2017 est.) - country comparison to the world: 168 - Population growth rate: 1.43% (2017 est.) - country comparison to the world: 80 - Birth rate: 21.9 births/1,000 population (2017 est.) - country comparison to the world: 74 - Death rate: 6.3 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.) - country comparison to the world: 150 - Net migration rate: -1.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) - country comparison to the world: 144 - Population distribution: the Indus River and its tributaries attract most of the settlement, with Punjab province the most densely populated)
• Urbanization: urban population: 36.7% of total population (2018) - rate of urbanization: 2.53% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.) - Major urban areas - population: Karachi 15.4 million; Lahore 11.738 million; Faisalabad 3.311 million; Rawalpindi 2.156 million; Gujranwala 2.11 million; ISLAMABAD (capital) 1.061 million (2018)
• Sex ratio: (at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female - 0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female - 15-24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female - 25-54 years: 1.08 male(s)/female - 55-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female - 65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female - total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2017 est.) - Mother's mean age at first birth: 23.4 years (note: median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2012/13 est.) - Maternal mortality ratio:178 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) - country comparison to the world: 53)
• Infant mortality rate: (total: 52.1 deaths/1,000 live births - male: 55.2 deaths/1,000 live births - female: 48.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.) - country comparison to the world: 25)
• Life expectancy at birth: (total population: 68.1 years - male: 66.1 years - female: 70.1 years (2017 est.) - country comparison to the world: 168 - Total fertility rate:2.62 children born/woman (2017 est.) - country comparison to the world: 75 - Contraceptive prevalence rate:35.4% (2012/13) - Health expenditures:2.6% of GDP (2014) - country comparison to the world: 187 - Physicians density:0.98 physicians/1,000 population (2015) - Hospital bed density:0.6 beds/1,000 population (2014))
• Drinking water source:
  improved: (urban: 93.9% of population - rural: 89.9% of population - total: 91.4% of population)
  unimproved: (urban: 6.1% of population - rural: 10.1% of population - total: 8.6% of population (2015 est.))
• Sanitation facility access:
  improved: (urban: 83.1% of population - rural: 51.1% of population - total: 63.5% of population)
  unimproved: (urban: 16.9% of population - rural: 48.9% of population - total: 36.5% of population (2015 est.))
• HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: (0.1% (2017 est.) - country comparison to the world: 107 - HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 130,000 (2016 est.) - country comparison to the world: 35 - HIV/AIDS - deaths: 5,500 (2016 est.) - country comparison to the world: 29)
• Major infectious diseases: (degree of risk: high - food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever - vector borne diseases: dengue fever and malaria - animal contact disease: rabies (2016) - Obesity - adult prevalence rate: 8.6% (2016) - country comparison to the world: 150 - Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 31.6% (2012) - country comparison to the world: 11 - Education expenditures: 2.8% of GDP (2017) - country comparison to the world: 164)
• Literacy: (definition: age 15 and over can read and write - total population: 57.9% - male: 69.5% - female: 45.8% (2015 est.) )
• School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): (total: 8 years - male: 9 years - female: 7 years (2015))
• Unemployment, youth ages 15-24: (total: 6.6% ILO data cited at World Bank, accessed 7/25/18 - male: 5.7% - female: 9.4% (2015 est.) - country comparison to the world: 133 )

Government

• Country name: (conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Pakistan - conventional short form: Pakistan - local long form: Jamhuryat Islami Pakistan - local short form: Pakistan - former: West Pakistan - etymology: the word "pak" means "pure" in Persian or Pashto, while the Persian suffix "-stan" means "place of" or "country," so the word Pakistan literally means "Land of the Pure")
• Government type: federal parliamentary republic
• Capital: (name: Islamabad - geographic coordinates: 33 41 N, 73 03 E - time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) - Administrative divisions: 4 provinces, 1 territory*, and 1 capital territory**; Balochistan, Federally Administered Tribal Areas*, Islamabad Capital Territory**, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (formerly North-West Frontier Province), Punjab, Sindh
  note 1: the Pakistani-administered portion of the disputed Jammu and Kashmir region consists of 2 administrative entities: Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan
  note 2: a merger of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province was formally legislated in June of 2018 but has not yet been implemented
  Independence: 14 August 1947 (from British India) - National holiday: Pakistan Day (also referred to as Pakistan Resolution Day or Republic Day), 23 March (1940); note - commemorates both the adoption of the Lahore Resolution by the All-India Muslim League during its 22-24 March 1940 session, which called for the creation of independent Muslim states, and the adoption of the first constitution of Pakistan on 23 March 1956 during the transition to the Islamic Republic of Pakistan)
• Constitution: (history: several previous; latest endorsed 12 April 1973, passed 19 April 1973, entered into force 14 August 1973 (suspended and restored several times) - amendments: proposed by the Senate or by the National Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the membership of both houses; amended many times, last in 2018 (2018) - Legal system: common law system with Islamic law influence - International law organization participation: accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt)
• Citizenship: (citizenship by birth: yes - citizenship by descent: at least one parent must be a citizen of Pakistan - dual citizenship recognized: yes, but limited to select countries - residency requirement for naturalization: 4 out of the previous 7 years and including the 12 months preceding application - Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal; note - there are joint electorates and reserved parliamentary seats for women and non-Muslims)
• Executive branch:
  (chief of state: President Mamnoon HUSSAIN (since 9 September 2013) - head of government: Interim Prime Minister Nasir-UL-MULK (since 1 June 2018); Imran KHAN to be sworn in as prime minister on 11 August 2018 following his party's majority win in the 25 July 2018 National Asembly election - cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president upon the advice of the prime minister - elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by the Electoral College consisting of members of the Senate, National Assembly, and provincial assemblies for a 5-year term (limited to 2 consecutive terms); election last held on 9 September 2013 (next to be held in no earlier than 11 July or later than 10 August 2018); prime minister elected by the National Assembly - election results: Mamnoon HUSSAIN elected president; Mamnoon HUSSAIN (PML-N) 432 votes, Wajihuddin AHMED (PTI) 77 votes
  note: MULK will serve as interim prime minister until National Assembly elections are held on 25 July 2018; Prime Minister Shahid Khaqan ABBASI (since 1 August 2017) resigned on 31 May 2018, when the National Assembly's constitutionally mandated 5-year term expired; ABBASI replaced Prime Minister Mohammad Nawaz SHARIF, who resigned on 28 July 2017)
• Legislative branch:
  (description: bicameral Parliament or Majlis-e-Shoora consists of the Senate (104 seats; members indirectly elected by the 4 provincial assemblies and the territories' representatives by proportional representation vote; members serve 6-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years) and the National Assembly (342 seats; 272 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 70 members - 60 women and 10 non-Muslims - directly elected by proportional representation vote; all members serve 5-year terms) - elections: Senate - last held on 3 March 2018 (next to be held in March 2021); National Assembly - last held on 25 May 2018 (next to be held on 25 July 2023) - election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PML-N 15, PPPP 12, PTI 6, PkMAP 2, NP 2, JUI-F 2, JI 1, MQM-P 1, PML-F 1, independent 10; National Assembly - percent of votes by party - PTI 31.9%, PML-N 24.4%, PPPP 13.1%, MMA 4.8%, MQM 1.4%, PML-Q 1%, BAP 0.6%, BNP 0.4%, other 11.1%,independent 11.4%; seats by party - PTI 116, PML-N 64, PPPP 43, MMA 12, MQM 6, BAP 4, PML-Q 4, BNP 3, other 5, independent 13; election for 2 seats postponed; voter turnout 51.7%)
• Judicial branch:
  (highest court(s): Supreme Court of Pakistan (consists of the chief justice and 16 judges) - judge selection and term of office: justices nominated by an 8-member parliamentary committee upon the recommendation of the Judicial Commission (a 9-member body of judges and other judicial professionals), and appointed by the president of Pakistan; justices can serve until age 65 - subordinate courts: High Courts; Federal Shariat Court; provincial and district civil and criminal courts; specialized courts for issues such as taxation, banking, customs, etc.)
• Political parties and leaders: (Awami National Party or ANP [Mian Iftikhar HUSSAIN] - Balochistan National Party-Awami or BNP-A [Mir Israr Ullah ZEHRI] - Balochistan National Party-Mengal or BNP-M [Sardar Akhtar Jan MENGAL] - Jamaat-i Islami or JI [Sirajul HAQ] - Jamiat-i Ulema-i Islam Fazl-ur Rehman or JUI-F [Fazlur REHMAN] - Muttahida Quami Movement-Pakistan or MQM-P [Farooq SATTAR] (MQM split into two factions in 2016) - Muttahida Quami Movement-London or MQM-L [Nadeem NUSRAT] (MQM split into two factions in 2016) - Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal [Fazl-ur-RAHMAN] (alliance of several parties) - National Party or NP [Mir Hasil Khan BIZENJO] - Pakhtunkhwa Milli Awami Party or PMAP or PkMAP [Mahmood Khan ACHAKZAI] - Pakistan Muslim League-Functional or PML-F [Pir PAGARO or Syed Shah Mardan SHAH-II] - Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz or PML-N [Nawaz SHARIF]; note - in February 2018, the Supreme court ordered the Election Commission to remove SHARIF as party head - Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians or PPPP [Bilawal Bhutto ZARDARI and Asif Ali ZARDARI] - Pakistan Tehrik-e Insaaf or PTI (Pakistan Movement for Justice) [Imran KHAN] - Pak Sarzameen Party or PSP [Mustafa KAMAL] - Quami Watan Party or QWP [Aftab Ahmed Khan SHERPAO]
  note: political alliances in Pakistan shift frequently)
• International organization participation: ADB, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), C, CICA, CP, D-8, ECO, FAO, G-11, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, PCA, SAARC, SACEP, SCO (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
• Diplomatic representation in the US: (chief of mission: Ambassador Ali Jehangir SIDDIQUI (since 22 June 2018) - chancery: 3517 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 - telephone: [1] (202) 243-6500 - FAX: [1] (202) 686-1534 - consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York - consulate(s): Louisville (KY), San Francisco)
• Diplomatic representation from the US: (chief of mission: Ambassador David M. HALE (since 3 December 2015) - embassy: Diplomatic Enclave, Ramna 5, Islamabad - mailing address: 8100 Islamabad Place, Washington, DC 20521-8100 - telephone: [92] (51) 208-0000/[92] (51) 201-4000 - FAX: [92] (51) 233-8071 - consulate(s) general: Karachi, Lahore - consulate(s): Peshawar - Flag description: green with a vertical white band (symbolizing the role of religious minorities) on the hoist side; a large white crescent and star are centered in the green field; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam - National symbol(s): star and crescent, jasmine; national colors: green, white)
• National anthem: (name: "Qaumi Tarana" (National Anthem) - lyrics/music: Abu-Al-Asar Hafeez JULLANDHURI/Ahmed Ghulamali CHAGLA
  note: adopted 1954; also known as "Pak sarzamin shad bad" (Blessed Be the Sacred Land))

Economy

• Economy - overview:
  Decades of internal political disputes and low levels of foreign investment have led to underdevelopment in Pakistan. Pakistan has a large English-speaking population, with English-language skills less prevalent outside urban centers. Despite some progress in recent years in both security and energy, a challenging security environment, electricity shortages, and a burdensome investment climate have traditionally deterred investors. Agriculture accounts for one-fifth of output and two-fifths of employment. Textiles and apparel account for more than half of Pakistan's export earnings; Pakistan's failure to diversify its exports has left the country vulnerable to shifts in world demand. Pakistan’s GDP growth has gradually increased since 2012, and was 5.3% in 2017. Official unemployment was 6% in 2017, but this fails to capture the true picture, because much of the economy is informal and underemployment remains high. Human development continues to lag behind most of the region.
  In 2013, Pakistan embarked on a $6.3 billion IMF Extended Fund Facility, which focused on reducing energy shortages, stabilizing public finances, increasing revenue collection, and improving its balance of payments position. The program concluded in September 2016. Although Pakistan missed several structural reform criteria, it restored macroeconomic stability, improved its credit rating, and boosted growth. The Pakistani rupee has remained relatively stable against the US dollar since 2015, though it declined about 10% between November 2017 and March 2018. Balance of payments concerns have reemerged, however, as a result of a significant increase in imports and weak export and remittance growth.
  Pakistan must continue to address several longstanding issues, including expanding investment in education, healthcare, and sanitation; adapting to the effects of climate change and natural disasters; improving the country’s business environment; and widening the country’s tax base. Given demographic challenges, Pakistan’s leadership will be pressed to implement economic reforms, promote further development of the energy sector, and attract foreign investment to support sufficient economic growth necessary to employ its growing and rapidly urbanizing population, much of which is under the age of 25.

Energy

• Electricity access: population without electricity: 49,500,000 - electrification - total population: 73% - electrification - urban areas: 91% - electrification - rural areas: 62% (2013) - (Electricity - production: 104.5 billion kWh (2015 est.) - country comparison to the world: 34) - (Electricity - consumption: 85.9 billion kWh (2015 est.) - country comparison to the world: 35) - (Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (2016 est.) - country comparison to the world: 182) - (Electricity - imports: 452 million kWh (2016 est.) - country comparison to the world: 84) - (Electricity - installed generating capacity: 22.83 million kW (2015 est.) - country comparison to the world: 38) - (Electricity - from fossil fuels: 61.8% of total installed capacity (2015 est.) - country comparison to the world: 124) - (Electricity - from nuclear fuels: 3% of total installed capacity (2015 est.) - country comparison to the world: 27) - (Electricity - from hydroelectric plants: 31.8% of total installed capacity (2015 est.) - country comparison to the world: 69) - (Electricity - from other renewable sources: 3.4% of total installed capacity (2015 est.) - country comparison to the world: 106) - (Crude oil - production: 85,500 bbl/day (2016 est.) - country comparison to the world: 47) - (Crude oil - exports: 493.2 bbl/day (2014 est.) - country comparison to the world: 75) - (Crude oil - imports: 166,000 bbl/day (2014 est.) - country comparison to the world: 33) - (Crude oil - proved reserves: 350.6 million bbl (1 January 2017 est.) - country comparison to the world: 56) - (Refined petroleum products - production: 259,500 bbl/day (2014 est.) - country comparison to the world: 47) - (Refined petroleum products - consumption: 517,000 bbl/day (2015 est.) - country comparison to the world: 35) - (Refined petroleum products - exports: 20,720 bbl/day (2014 est.) - country comparison to the world: 71) - (Refined petroleum products - imports: 247,300 bbl/day (2014 est.) - country comparison to the world: 31) - (Natural gas - production: 39.3 billion cu m (2015 est.) - country comparison to the world: 24) - (Natural gas - consumption: 40.67 billion cu m (2015 est.) - country comparison to the world: 23) - (Natural gas - exports: 0 cu m (2016 est.) - country comparison to the world: 165) - (Natural gas - imports: 1.37 billion cu m (2015 est.) - country comparison to the world: 54) - (Natural gas - proved reserves: 542.5 billion cu m (1 January 2017 est.) - country comparison to the world: 32) - (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy: 145 million Mt (2013 est.) -country comparison to the world: 32)

Communications

• Telephones - fixed lines: (total subscriptions: 3,104,415 - subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (July 2016 est.) - country comparison to the world: 49) Telephones - mobile cellular: (total: 136,489,014 - subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 67 (July 2016 est.) - country comparison to the world: 10) Telephone system: (general assessment: the telecommunications infrastructure is improving, with investments in mobile-cellular networks increasing, but fixed-line subscriptions declining; system consists of microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, cellular, and satellite networks; 3G and 4G mobile services introduced - domestic: mobile-cellular subscribership has skyrocketed; more than 90% of Pakistanis live within areas that have cell phone coverage; fiber-optic networks are being constructed throughout the country to increase broadband access, though broadband penetration in Pakistan is still relatively low - international: country code - 92; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable systems that provide links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean); 3 operational international gateway exchanges (1 at Karachi and 2 at Islamabad); microwave radio relay to neighboring countries (2015)) Broadcast media: (media is government regulated; 1 dominant state-owned TV broadcaster, Pakistan Television Corporation (PTV), operates a network consisting of 8 channels; private TV broadcasters are permitted; to date 69 foreign satellite channels are operational; the state-owned radio network operates more than 30 stations; nearly 200 commercially licensed, privately owned radio stations provide programming mostly limited to music and talk shows (2017) - Internet country code: .pk - Internet users: - total: 31,338,715 - percent of population: 15.5% (July 2016 est.) - country comparison to the world: 24)